Not under the current professional recommendation, but check your state. In 2024 the ADA's expert panel stopped recommending lead aprons and thyroid collars for patients during dental imaging. The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology took the same position.
Why the change
Two things happened. Digital receptors and rectangular collimation shrank the dose outside the beam to a very small amount, so the shield wasn't protecting against much. And shielding can get in the way: a thyroid collar that drifts into the beam on a pano or a periapical means a retake, which is more radiation than the collar ever prevented.
What you actually do chairside
Many state radiation regulations still require patient shielding, and they were written before 2024. State law and your office's written protocol govern what happens in your operatory, so follow them. If a patient asks for an apron, give them one; it costs nothing and removes anxiety.
For the exam, know both pieces: the ADA's position, and that state rules decide what's required where you work.